✓ verbatim from the press
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva signed Law No. 15,432/2026 on Monday, June 15, 2026, establishing the new Legal Framework for Urban Public Collective Transport. The law breaks with the financing model based exclusively on user fares and authorizes the use of new funding sources — advertising, commercial exploitation of spaces, and resources from the Fuel Economic Domain Intervention Contribution (Cide Combustíveis) — to subsidize fares and enable discussion of zero fares, according to the Presidency of the Republic. ✓
Press quotes (3)
"A Lei nº 15.432/2026 foi publicada, neste domingo (14), em edição extra do Diário Oficial da União (DOU)."
"Um dos avanços estruturais do novo marco é a ruptura com o modelo predominante no Brasil, no qual o financiamento do transporte coletivo recaía quase exclusivamente sobre a tarifa paga pelo usuário."
"A medida abre caminho para a discussão da tarifa zeroe autoriza o uso de novas fontes de custeio para subsidiar as tarifas, como publicidade, exploração comercial de espaços e recursos da Contribuição de Intervenção no Domínio Econômico (Cide Combustíveis)."
The bill that originated the law is PL 3278/2021, authored by then-Senator Antonio Anastasia (PSD/MG), presented on September 22, 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic, when the drop in passenger circulation caused significant revenue losses for public transport companies. The proposal updates Law No. 12,587/2012 (National Urban Mobility Policy), Law No. 10,636/2002, and Law No. 10,257/2001 (City Statute). In the Federal Senate, the rapporteur was Senator Veneziano Vital do Rêgo (MDB/PB), who presented a substitute approved by the Infrastructure Services Commission on December 3, 2024; the bill was sent to the Chamber of Deputies on December 19, 2024 and approved by the National Congress in May 2026. ✓
Press quotes (3)
"Identificação: PL 3278/2021. Autor: Senador Antonio Anastasia (PSD/MG). Data: 22/09/2021. Descrição/Ementa: Atualiza o marco legal da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana; altera a Lei nº 12.587, de 3 de janeiro de 2012; a Lei n°10.636, de 30 de dezembro de 2002; e a Lei nº 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001."
"Relatório Legislativo. Autor: Senador Veneziano Vital do Rêgo (MDB/PB)... P.S 63/2024 - CI... Reunida a Comissão nessa data, é lido o relatório e aprovado em turno único o substitutivo oferecido pelo relator ao PL 3278/2021 (emenda nº 3/CI)... Autógrafo - PL 3278/2021 remetido Ofício SF nº 1535, de 19/12/24, ao Senhor Primeiro-Secretário da Câmara dos Deputados, encaminhando autógrafo do projeto para revisão, nos termos do art. 65 da Constituição Federal."
"O projeto que deu origem ao marco legal foi apresentado em 2021 pelo então senador Antonio Anastasia, atualmente ministro do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). A proposta surgiu durante o período da pandemia de Covid-19, quando a queda na circulação de passageiros provocou perdas significativas de receita para as empresas de transporte coletivo em todo o país."
Lula vetoed provisions included by Congress that required the Union, states, and municipalities to finance gratuities and fare discounts with resources from their respective budgets, as well as the provision of a five-year deadline for adapting local legislation to the new rules. According to the justification presented by the federal government, these measures could generate expenses without prior estimates of fiscal impact and compromise existing gratuity programs. Other vetoes affected the mandatory toll exemption for buses on state and municipal highways, the creation of federal subsidies for local fares, and the mandatory allocation of 60% of Cide Combustíveis resources to urban areas. ✓
Press quotes (3)
"Durante a sanção, Lula vetou dispositivos incluídos pelo Congresso Nacional. Entre os trechos rejeitados estão aqueles que obrigavam União, estados e municípios a financiar gratuidades e descontos tarifários com recursos dos respectivos orçamentos, bem como a previsão de um prazo de cinco anos para adaptação das legislações locais às novas regras."
"Segundo a justificativa apresentada pelo governo federal, essas medidas poderiam gerar despesas sem estimativas prévias de impacto fiscal e comprometer programas de gratuidade já existentes."
"Outros vetos atingiram a obrigatoriedade de isenção de pedágio para ônibus em rodovias estaduais e municipais, a criação de subsídios federais para tarifas locais e a possibilidade de utilizar créditos de carbono e compensações ambientais como fontes de financiamento do transporte público."
The law provides that operator remuneration may be linked to performance and quality of service provided, not just to the volume of passengers transported. The text also mandates the expansion of disclosure of information about the operation of transport systems — operating costs, revenues obtained, number of passengers, and performance metrics — and establishes minimum quality parameters, including regularity, punctuality, accessibility, safety, comfort, and passenger satisfaction. ✓
Press quotes (2)
"Outro ponto de destaque é a definição de parâmetros mínimos de qualidade para os sistemas de transporte público, incluindo critérios como regularidade, pontualidade, acessibilidade, segurança, conforto e satisfação dos passageiros. O texto também prevê que a remuneração das operadoras possa ser vinculada ao desempenho e à qualidade do serviço prestado."
"A lei também determina a ampliação da divulgação de informações sobre a operação dos sistemas de transporte. Os responsáveis pelos serviços deverão disponibilizar dados relativos aos custos operacionais, receitas obtidas, quantidade de passageiros e métricas de desempenho, permitindo maior acompanhamento por órgãos de fiscalização e pela sociedade."
The New PAC Mobility constitutes an operational precedent for shared Union-municipality financing in urban transport: since 2023, the program provides for R$ 20.5 billion in investments in the Large and Medium Cities Mobility and Fleet Renewal (Refrota) lines, operated via Pró-Transporte (FGTS) and the Transferegov.br platform, according to the Ministry of Cities. Municipalities and states have specific deadlines to formalize credit operations with Pró-Transporte financial agents after technical analysis and qualification of proposals. ✓
Press quotes (1)
"R$ 20,5 bilhões — total de investimentos entre Mobilidade em Grandes e Médias Cidades e Renovação de Frota previstos pelo programa do Novo PAC conforme relatório do governo federal. [...] Após a análise e habilitação técnica das propostas, os municípios e estados terão prazos determinados para formalizar a contratação das operações de crédito junto aos agentes financeiros do Pró-Transporte (FGTS)."
The law breaks with the financing model based exclusively on user fares and authorizes use of Cide Combustíveis, advertising, and commercial exploitation of spaces as funding sources.
Lula vetoed provisions that required Union, states, and municipalities to finance gratuities and fare discounts with resources from respective budgets, as well as a five-year deadline for legislative adaptation.
The bill was presented in 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic, when the drop in passenger circulation caused significant revenue losses for public transport companies.
Covered by only some sources, or where the accounts diverge.
Covered by only some sources (2)
Jornal do Brasil identifies Antonio Anastasia as currently a minister of the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU).
Jornal do Brasil specifies that Cide is a federal tax levied on the import and marketing of petroleum, natural gas, fuel alcohol and their derivatives, created by a 2001 law.
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How does the law distribute resources among municipalities of different sizes and what percentage can meet the required counterparts?
Why it's still unknown: The law authorizes new funding sources but does not specify distribution criteria among municipalities. No outlet published analysis of municipal fiscal capacity for co-financing, and there is no available technical opinion modeling the distributive impact.
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What was the vote tally for PL 3278/2021 in the Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate?
Why it's still unknown: The sources consulted report approval by the National Congress in May 2026, but no outlet disclosed roll-call votes or party breakdowns. The Senate portal confirms committee approval but does not record plenary voting.
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Which parliamentary blocs supported approval and which caucuses opposed it?
Why it's still unknown: No source identified support or opposition coalitions, party leaders who conducted negotiations, or positions of thematic caucuses (centrão, opposition, government).
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Are there technical opinions that pointed out formal or material defects in the bill or ADIs already announced against the law?
Why it's still unknown: No outlet reported formal legal challenges to the bill during processing or after signing. There is no record of legislative consultancies or academics who signaled constitutional risks.
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What is the estimated fiscal impact of the law and is there compatibility with the current LDO/LOA?
Why it's still unknown: No source cited opinions from the Senate Budget Consultancy or CONOF (Chamber) with fiscal impact methodology. The Presidency mentioned that vetoes aimed to avoid expenses without resource forecasts but did not quantify the impact of the signed law.