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Supreme Court eliminates compulsory retirement as maximum punishment for judges

9 sources · 27 May 2026 · Share coverage ·

verbatim from the press

Judges convicted of serious disciplinary infractions will no longer be able to receive paid compulsory retirement as maximum punishment. The STF First Panel unanimously confirmed on Tuesday (26) the decision by Justice Flávio Dino that eliminated this form of sanction, arguing that Constitutional Amendment 103/2019 — the pension reform — revoked its constitutional foundation.

Press quotes (1)
Sintrajufe

"A EC 103/2019, ao promover modificações no sistema previdenciário brasileiro, também alcançou expressamente o regime jurídico aplicável aos magistrados e as competências do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, revogando a sanção de 'aposentadoria compulsória', ao eliminar o seu fundamento constitucional"

The decision originated from Original Action 2,870/2024, filed by a judge removed from the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice who had received compulsory retirement after inspection by the Corregedoria at the sole court of Mangaratiba County. The CNJ upheld the TJRJ decision, leading to the presentation of the original action to the STF. Justices Alexandre de Moraes, Cristiano Zanin and Cármen Lúcia accompanied the rapporteur, with Zanin diverging only regarding the STF's competence to judge future actions for loss of office.

Press quotes (2)
Sintrajufe

"A determinação de Flávio Dino se deu na ação 2.870/2024, ajuizada por um juiz afastado do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) ao qual foi imposta aposentadoria compulsória após uma inspeção da Corregedoria na vara única da Comarca de Mangaratiba (RJ)"

Migalhas

"Ficou parcialmente vencido o ministro Cristiano Zanin, que concordou com a incompatibilidade da sanção após a reforma da previdência, mas divergiu quanto à possibilidade de eventual ação de perda do cargo tramitar originariamente no STF."

Under the new understanding, magistrates convicted by the CNJ of serious infractions must have loss of office decreed through legal action filed by the AGU directly at the STF. "Compulsory retirement paid by taxpayers is not a sanction," stated Alexandre de Moraes during the trial. Flávio Dino argued that punishment with retirement transfers the burden to society: "If a judge sells a judicial decision or if a judge kills someone, that judge must be punished. If the punishment is compulsory retirement, who is bearing the burden of his punishment? Society."

Press quotes (2)
Folha De S

"O colegiado foi unânime nesse sentido. Pelo voto do relator, que foi acompanhado por Alexandre de Moraes, Cristiano Zanin e Cármen Lúcia, a punição com manutenção de recebimentos significaria impunidade. A perda do cargo, pela decisão, fica condicionada a uma ação perante o próprio Supremo, depois de processo administrativo nesse sentido."

Agência Brasil

"Se um juiz vende uma decisão judicial ou se um juiz mata alguém, esse juiz tem que ser punido. Se a punição é uma aposentadoria compulsória, quem está suportando o ônus da punição dele? A sociedade. A punição é para o contribuinte. O magistrado que cometeu um homicídio será sustentado pela coletividade"

The measure directly affects the 126 magistrates who were sentenced to compulsory retirement by the CNJ between 2005 and 2025, according to Agência Brasil data. The AGU had argued in the action that Dino's thesis should remain limited to the concrete case, with its automatic transposition to other administrative disciplinary processes not being appropriate.

Press quotes (2)
Agência Brasil

"Em 20 anos, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) condenou 126 magistrados à aposentadoria compulsória."

Migalhas

"No parecer, a AGU sustenta que a conclusão adotada no processo deve permanecer limitada às particularidades do caso concreto. Segundo o órgão, a controvérsia analisada pelo STF decorre de uma situação individual, envolvendo determinado magistrado, e não de uma ação voltada ao controle abstrato da validade da aposentadoria compulsória no regime disciplinar da magistratura."

1. What we know (2)

STF First Panel unanimously decided to confirm Flávio Dino's decision that eliminated compulsory retirement as maximum punishment

4 sources Agência Brasil Folha O Globo Brasil 247

CNJ sentenced 126 magistrates to compulsory retirement in 20 years of operation

2. Where coverage thins out (2)

Covered by only some sources, or where the accounts diverge.

Covered by only some sources (1)

AGU argued that the decision should remain limited to the concrete case

Reported by: Migalhas

Conflicting versions (1)

Unanimity vs partial divergence of Cristiano Zanin

3 sources — "Decision was unanimous": Agência Brasil iG NSC Total
2 sources — "Cristiano Zanin was partially defeated on the issue of STF competence": Migalhas Brasil 247
3. What we don't know yet (3)
  • What is the specific budgetary impact of eliminating this form of punishment in Brazilian courts?

    Why it's still unknown: Sources did not quantify current costs of compulsory retirement nor expected savings from the change

    Did not cover: Agência Brasil Folha O Globo
  • What will be the concrete procedure for reappraising cases of the 126 magistrates already compulsorily retired?

    Why it's still unknown: CNJ has not yet defined how it will apply the new guidance to ongoing disciplinary processes

  • What is the detailed doctrinal foundation of Flávio Dino's vote on proportionality and precedents invoked?

    Why it's still unknown: Press summarized the conclusion but did not catalog specific precedents or doctrinal test applied by the rapporteur

    Did not cover: Agência Brasil Diário de Pernambuco Tvtnews

All sources

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